Facilitated variation and Intelligent Design
The monkey parable by Kirschner
and Gerhart illustrates the major criticism of neo-Darwinism, randomness
cannot generate novelty.
http://www.what-is-cancer.com/papers/ca/complexity/facilitatedvariation.htm
Suppose that you give a monkey a pen and paper, and let it randomly scribble,
how long will it take until it writes “Monkey”? Next let the monkey hit
typewriter keys, its chances to type “Monkey” will obviously improve.
Finally if you let the monkey type on a computer keyboard with a spell
checker that eliminates non English words, it may succeed.
According to the theory of intelligent design, in order
to create novelty the monkey needs assistance by a super-being. On the
other hand, Kirschner and Gerhart’s theory, called “facilitated variation’
is more convincing. Structure is never inherited as such only genes (blueprint)
are inherited, and structure constraints genetic expression. Phenotypic
variation cannot be random. It is biased and creates novelty.
There is more to structure than just its appearance. Biological structure
has a wisdom (WOB) which constraints gene expression. WOB is optimal and
will facilitate only genes which improve optimality.
Additional reading
Darwinism
Randomness and creativity
Randomness cannot generate complexity: